AEA
Astronomy Club Newsletter August
2020
Contents
AEA Astronomy Club News & Calendar p.1
Video(s) & Picture(s) of the Month p. 2
Astronomy News p. 8
General Calendar p. 12
Colloquia, lectures, mtgs. p. 12
Observing p. 14
Useful
Links p. 16
About the Club p.
17
Club News &
Calendar.
Club Calendar
Club Meeting Schedule:
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AEA Astronomy Club Meeting |
Great Courses video “The Brightest Supernova in 400 Years ” |
Teams |
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3 Sept |
AEA Astronomy Club Meeting |
TBD -- Great Courses video |
(Teams) |
AEA
Astronomy Club meetings are now on 1st Thursdays at 11:45 am. For 2020:
March 5 & April 2 in A1/2906 and for the rest of 2020 (Jan., Feb., May-Dec),
the meeting room is A1/1735.
Club
News:
We have received our AEA funding for the year -- $4,000 as
requested. We had some ideas how to
spend it, but if you have any additional ones, feel free to share.
This year’s annual night at
Mt. Wilson Sept. 12, on the 100-inch telescope, has a full roster, and a
few on the waiting list. We may know later in July whether it is likely that
the observing night will be held in the COVID-19 shutdown. $100 per person will be required at that time
(the rest is subsidized by the club budget).
But we sometimes have several drop out as the time approaches, so we can
still add you to the waiting list. Next year will be the 60-inch telescope – we
alternate between the 2 telescopes. The evening often includes a tour of the
Aerospace MAFIOT facility, and a Mt. Wilson docent tour.
We need volunteers to help with:
·
Assembling
our new 16-inch Hubble Optics Dobs
·
Installing
our new software on our tablet & laptop
·
Populating
our club Sharepoint site with material & links to the club’s Aerowiki
& Aerolink materials – Kaly Rangarajan has volunteered to help with this
·
Arranging
future club programs
·
Managing
club equipment & library (Kelly Gov volunteered to help with the
library)
Astronomy Video(s)
& Picture(s) of the Month
(generally from
Astronomy Picture of the Day, APOD: http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/archivepix.html)
VIDEO: A
Flight through the Hubble Ultra Deep Field https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200726.html
Video Credit: NASA, ESA, F. Summers, Z. Levay, L.
Frattare, B. Mobasher, A. Koekemoer and the HUDF Team (STScI)
Explanation: What would it look like to fly through the distant
universe? To find out, a team of astronomers estimated the relative distances
to over 5,000 galaxies in one of the most distant fields of galaxies ever
imaged: the Hubble
Ultra Deep Field (HUDF).
Because it takes light a long time to cross the universe, most galaxies visible
in the featured
video are seen when the universe was only a fraction of its
current age, were still
forming, and have unusual shapes when compared to modern galaxies.
No mature looking spiral galaxies such as our Milky Way or
the Andromeda
galaxy yet exist. Toward the end of the video the virtual observer flies past
the farthest
galaxies in the HUDF field,
recorded to have a redshift past
8. This early class of
low luminosity galaxies likely
contained energetic
stars emitting light that transformed much
of the remaining normal
matter in the universe from a cold gas to a hot ionized plasma.
VIDEO: Rotating Moon from LRO https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200719.html
Video Credit: NASA, LRO, Arizona State U.
Explanation: No one, presently, sees the Moon rotate like this. That's
because the Earth's moon is tidally locked to the Earth, showing us only one side.
Given modern digital technology, however, combined with many detailed images
returned by the Lunar
Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), a high resolution virtual Moon
rotation movie has been composed. The featured time-lapse
video starts with the standard Earth view of the Moon. Quickly,
though, Mare
Orientale, a large crater with a dark center that is difficult to
see from the Earth, rotates into view just below the equator. From an
entire lunar
month condensed into 24 seconds, the video clearly shows that
the Earth side of the
Moon contains an abundance of dark
lunar maria, while the lunar far side is dominated by bright lunar
highlands. Currently, over 19
new missions to the Moon are under active development from
eight different countries, most of which have expected launch dates in the next
three years.
VIDEO: Comet NEOWISE Rising
over the Adriatic Sea https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200713.html
Video Credit & Copyright: Paolo Girotti
Explanation: This sight was worth getting out of bed early. Comet
C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) has been rising before dawn during the past
week to the delight of
northern sky enthusiasts awake that early. Up before sunrise, the featured
photographer was able to capture in dramatic fashion one of the few comets
visible to the unaided eye this century, an inner-Solar
System intruder that might become known as the Great Comet of
2020. The resulting
video details Comet NEOWISE from Italy rising
over the Adriatic
Sea. The time-lapse
video combines over 240 images taken over 30 minutes. The comet is
seen rising through a foreground of bright and undulating noctilucent clouds,
and before a background of distant stars. Comet
NEOWISE has remained unexpectedly bright, so far, with its ion
and dust tails found
to emanate from a nucleus spanning
about five kilometers across. Fortunately, starting tonight, northern observers
with a clear and dark northwestern horizon should be able to see
the sun-reflecting interplanetary snowball just after sunset.
VIDEO: Our Rotating
Earth https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200701.html
Video Credit & Copyright: Bartosz Wojczyński
Explanation: Has your world ever turned upside-down? It would happen
every day if you stay fixed to the stars. Most time-lapse videos of the night
sky show the stars
and sky moving above a steady Earth. Here, however, the camera has
been forced to rotate so that the stars remain fixed,
and the Earth rotates around them. The movie,
with each hour is compressed to a second, dramatically demonstrates the daily
rotation of the Earth, called diurnal motion. The video begins
by showing an open field in Namibia, Africa, on a
clear day, last year. Shadows shift as the Earth turns,
the shadow
of the Earth rises into the sky, the Belt of Venus momentarily
appears, and then day turns into night. The majestic band of our Milky
Way Galaxy stretches across the night sky, while
sunlight-reflecting, Earth-orbiting satellites zoom by.
In the night sky, you can even spot the Large and Small
Magellanic Clouds. The video shows a sky visible from Earth's Southern
Hemisphere, but a similar video could be made for every middle
latitude on our
blue planet.
Comet NEOWISE from the ISS
Image Credit: NASA, ISS
Expedition 63
Explanation: Rounding
the Sun on July 3rd and currently headed for the outer
Solar System, Comet NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) has been growing brighter in
the predawn skies of planet Earth. From low Earth orbit it also rises before
the Sun, captured above the approaching glow along the eastern horizon in this
snapshot from the International
Space Station on July 5. Venus, now Earth's morning star is the
brilliant celestial beacon on the right in the field of view. Above Venus you
can spot the sister stars of the more compact Pleiades cluster. Earthbound
skygazers can spot this comet with the unaided eye, but should
look for awesome views with binoculars.
The Structured Tails of Comet NEOWISE
Image Credit & Copyright: Zixuan
Lin (Beijing Normal U.)
Explanation: What is creating the structure in Comet NEOWISE's tails? Of
the two
tails evident, the blue ion tail on the left points directly
away from the Sun and is pushed out by the flowing and charged solar wind.
Structure in the ion
tail comes from different rates of expelled blue-glowing ions
from the comet's nucleus, as well as the always complex and continually
changing structure of our Sun's wind.
Most unusual for Comet
C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE), though, is the wavy structure of its dust
tail. This dust tail is
pushed out by sunlight, but curves as heavier dust particles
are better able to resist this light pressure and continue along a solar
orbit. Comet
NEOWISE's impressive dust-tail striations are not
fully understood, as yet, but likely related to rotating streams of
sun-reflecting grit liberated by ice melting on its 5-kilometer wide
nucleus. The featured 40-image conglomerate, digitally
enhanced, was captured three days ago through the dark skies of
the Gobi
Desert in Inner Mongolia, China. Comet NEOWISE will
make it closest
pass to the Earth tomorrow as it moves out from the Sun. The comet, already fading
but still
visible to the unaided eye, should fade more rapidly as it
recedes from the Earth.
Mercury's Sodium Tail
Image Credit & Copyright: Andrea Alessandrini
Explanation: What is that fuzzy streak extending from Mercury? Long
exposures of our Solar
System's innermost planet may reveal something unexpected: a
tail. Mercury's
thin atmosphere contains
small amounts of sodium that
glow when excited by light from the Sun. Sunlight also liberates these
molecules from Mercury's
surface and pushes them away. The yellow glow from sodium, in
particular, is relatively bright. Pictured, Mercury and its sodium
tail are visible in a deep image taken in late May from Italy through
a filter that primarily transmits yellow light emitted
by sodium. First predicted in
the 1980s, Mercury's tail was first discovered in
2001. Many tail details were revealed in multiple
observations by NASA's
robotic MESSENGER
spacecraft that orbited Mercury between 2011 and 2015. Tails are
usually associated with comets.
The tails of Comet
NEOWISE are currently visible with
the unaided eye in the morning
sky.
The Giants of Summer
Image Credit & Copyright: Jean-Luc Dauvergne
Explanation: As
Comet NEOWISE sweeps through northern summer skies, Jupiter and
Saturn are shining brightly, near
opposition. With Jupiter opposite
the Sun on July 14 and Saturn on
July 21, the giant planets are still near their closest to planet Earth in
2020. Sharing the constellation Sagittarius they are up all night, and offer
their best and brightest views at the telescope. Both captured on July 22 from
a balcony in Paris these two sharp telescopic images don't disappoint, showing
off what the giant planets are famous for, Saturn's bright rings and Jupiter's
Great Red Spot. These giants of the Solar System are worth following during
2020. On December 21, skygazers can watch the once-in-20-year great
conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn.
Meeting in the Mesosphere
Image Credit & Copyright: Stephane
Vetter (TWAN, Nuits sacrees)
Explanation: A sensitive video camera on a summit of the Vosges
mountains in France captured these surprising fireworks above a distant
horizon on June 26. Generated
over intense thunderstorms, this one about 260 kilometers away, the
brief and mysterious flashes have come to be known as red sprites. The
transient luminous events are caused by electrical breakdown at altitudes of 50
to 100 kilometers. That
puts them in the mesophere, the coldest layer of planet Earth's
atmosphere. The glow beneath the sprites is from more familiar lighting though,
below the storm clouds. But on the right, the video frames have captured
another summertime apparition from the mesophere. The silvery veins of
light are polar mesospheric clouds. Also known as noctilucent
or night shining clouds, the icy clouds still reflect the sunlight when
the Sun is below the horizon.
Astronomy
News:
This is the first picture of a sunlike star with multiple
exoplanets
Unlike our solar
system, this one has two massive gas giants with far-out orbits
The star TYC 8998-760-1 (top center) was
photographed with two giant exoplanets (arrows), the first time astronomers
have directly imaged more than one planet orbiting a sunlike star. The bright
spots above star TYC 8998-760-1 are other stars in the background.
BOHN ET AL/ESO
For the first time, an
exoplanet family around a sunlike star has had its portrait taken. Astronomers
used the Very Large Telescope in Chile to snap a photo of two
giant planets orbiting a young star with about the same mass as the sun,
researchers report July 22 in The Astrophysical Journal
Letters.
The star, called TYC
8998-760-1, is about 300 light-years away in the constellation Musca. At just
17 million years old, the planetary family is a youngster compared with the
4-billion-year-old solar system.
Although astronomers
have found thousands of exoplanets, most aren’t observed directly. Instead they
are spotted as shadows crossing in front of their stars, or inferred as unseen
forces tugging at their stars.
Only a few tens of
planets have been photographed around other stars, and just two of those stars
have more than one planet. Neither is sunlike, says astronomer Alexander Bohn
of Leiden University in the Netherlands — one is more massive than the sun, the
other less massive.
Both of this star’s
planets are unlike anything seen in the solar system. The inner planet, a giant
weighing 14 times the mass of Jupiter, is 160 times farther from its star than
Earth is from the sun. The outer one weighs six times Jupiter’s mass and orbits
at twice its sibling’s distance. In comparison, the Voyager 1 spacecraft, which flew past the boundary
marking the sun’s magnetic influence and into interstellar space in 2012, is
still closer to the sun than either planet is to its star (SN: 9/12/13).
This exoplanet family could provide new insight into how solar
systems can form. “As with many other exoplanet discoveries, this discovery
makes us aware of other scenarios that we did not think of,” Bohn says.
CITATIONS
A.
J. Bohn et al. Two directly-imaged, wide-orbit giant planets around the young,
solar analogue TYC 8998-760-1. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, July 22, 2020.
doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aba27e
Pinning down the sun’s birthplace just got more complicated
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/sun-birthplace-complicated-star-cluster-astronomy-space
Our star’s
birthplace might have been a tight, stellar cluster, researchers say
Many astronomers think that a loose
association of thousands of stars, like the cluster NGC 2244 in the Rosette
Nebula shown here, is where the sun was born. A new study suggests there’s
another possibility.
JPL-CALTECH/NASA, UNIV. OF ARIZ.
The sun could come
from a large, loose-knit clan or a small family that’s always fighting.
New computer
simulations of young stars suggest two pathways to forming the solar system. The
sun could have formed in a calm, large association of 10,000 stars or more,
like NGC 2244 in the present-day Rosette Nebula, an idea that’s consistent with
previous research. Or the sun could be from a violent, compact cluster with
about 1,000 stars, like the Pleiades, researchers report July 2 in the Astrophysical Journal.
Whether a star forms in a tight, rowdy cluster or a loose association can
influence its future prospects. If a star is born surrounded by lots of massive
siblings that explode as supernovas before a cluster spreads out, for example,
that star will have more heavy elements to build
planets with (SN: 8/9/19).
To nail down a stellar
birthplace, astronomers have considered the solar system’s chemistry, its shape
and many other factors. Most astronomers who study the sun’s birthplace think
the gentle, large association scenario is most likely, says astrophysicist Fred
Adams of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, who was not involved in the
new work.
But most previous
studies didn’t include stars’ motions over time. So astrophysicists Susanne
Pfalzner and Kirsten Vincke, both of the Max Planck Institute for Radio
Astronomy in Bonn, Germany, ran thousands of computer simulations to see how
often different kinds of young stellar families produce solar systems like
ours.
The main solar system
feature that the pair looked for was the distance to the farthest planet from
the star. Planet-forming disks can extend to hundreds of astronomical units, or
AU, the distance between the Earth and the sun (SN: 7/16/19).
Theoretically, planets should be able to form all the way to the edge. But the
sun’s planetary material is mostly packed within the orbit of Neptune.
“You have a steep drop
at 30 AU, where Neptune is,” Pfalzner says. “And this is not what you expect
from a disk.”
In 2018, Pfalzner and
her colleagues showed that a passing star could have truncated and warped the
solar system’s outer edge long ago. If that’s what happened, it could help
point to the sun’s birth environment, Pfalzner reasoned. The key was to
simulate groupings dense enough that stellar flybys happen regularly, but not
so dense that the encounters happen too often and destroy disks before planets
can grow up.
“We were hoping we’d
get one answer,” Pfalzner says. “It turned out there are two possibilities.”
And they are wildly different from each other.
Large associations
have more stars, but the stars are more spread out and generally leave each
other alone. Those associations can stay together for up to 100 million years.
Compact clusters, on the other hand, see more violent encounters between young
stars and don’t last as long. The stars shove each other away within a few
million years.
“This paper opens up
another channel for what the sun’s birth environment looked like,” Adams says,
referring to the violent cluster notion.
The new study doesn’t
cover every aspect of how a tight cluster could have affected the nascent solar
system. The findings don’t account for how radiation from other stars in the
cluster could erode planet-forming disks, for example, which could have shrunk
the sun’s disk or even prevented the solar system from forming. The study also
doesn’t explain certain heavy elements found in meteorites, which are thought
to come from a nearby supernova and so could require the sun come from a
long-lived stellar family.
“I think [the research]
is an interesting addition to the debate,” Adams says. “It remains to be seen
how the pieces of the puzzle fit together.”
Pfalzner thinks that
the star cluster would break apart before radiation made a big difference, and
there are other explanations for the heavy elements apart from a single
supernova. She hopes future studies will be able to use that sort of cosmic
chemistry to narrow the sun’s birthplace down even further.
“For us humans, this is an important question,” Pfalzner says.
“It’s part of our history.”
CITATIONS
S. Pfalzner and K.
Vincke. Cradle(s) of the sun. The Astrophysical Journal. Published July 2, 2020.
doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9533.
S. Pfalzner et al. Outer solar system possibly shaped by a stellar fly-by. The Astrophysical Journal. Published
August 9, 2018. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad23c.
General Calendar:
Colloquia,
Lectures, Seminars, Meetings, Open Houses & Tours:
Colloquia: Carnegie (Tues.
4pm), UCLA, Caltech (Wed. 4pm), IPAC (Wed. 12:15pm) & other Pasadena (daily
12-4pm): http://obs.carnegiescience.edu/seminars/
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AEA Astronomy Club Meeting |
Great Courses video “The Brightest Supernova in 400 Years ” |
Teams |
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Cancelled
for now |
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Friday Night 7:30PM SBAS Monthly General Meeting in the Planetarium at El Camino College (16007 Crenshaw
Bl. In Torrance) |
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Aug
20 The von Kármán Lecture Series: 2020
Venus:
Earth’s Evil Twin or Just Misunderstood?
Time: 7 p.m. PDT (10 p.m. EDT;
0200 UTC)
Venus is becoming more attractive to scientists as technology improves for
sending spacecraft to survive orbit and even descend to the surface. From
orbiters to balloons, we will talk about the great science that can be done,
how we can do it and what we hope to learn.
Host:
Brian White
Speaker(s):
Sue Smrekar, Rocky Planet Geoscientist
Webcast:
› Click here to watch the event
live on YouTube
› Click here to watch the event
live on Ustream
Past shows are archived on YouTube.
› Click here for the YouTube
playlist of past shows
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Cancelled |
LAAS General Mtg. 7:30pm Griffith Observatory
(private) |
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Aug 9 |
UCLA Meteorite Gallery
DR. MEENAKSHI WADHWA
ROCKS
FROM SPACE – TALES FROM THE METEORITE VAULT
Location:
https://ucla.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJEqduyupj0vGd3S0_52FsbHTbPjYr0sZQUj Our Solar System and life as we know it could not have evolved as it did without impacts, which are perhaps the most influential among the processes shaping the surfaces of planets and moons. Early in the history of our Solar System, collisions between bodies were a key process in the growth of planets. In fact, our Moon was likely formed as the result of a giant impact on the early Earth. In the case of the Earth, the raw materials for kick-starting life may have been delivered to the surface by meteorite impacts. And the course of life on our planet has been greatly altered by the huge meteorite impacts (such as the one that killed off the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago). Are large impacts a thing of the past, or are they likely to occur in the near future? Our future may well depend on understanding and mitigating this risk. While studying samples returned from missions to asteroids will be important for this purpose, we already have many tens of thousands of asteroidal samples here on Earth that are readily and more cheaply available for us to study – these are the meteorites (rocks from space!) in our rock collections at museums and universities. While most of these meteorites indeed come from asteroids, there are also some rare kinds that come from the Moon and the planet Mars, and we can learn about the geologic histories of these planetary bodies from studying these samples. In this talk, I will discuss our current understanding of meteorites and how they are key to answering some of humanity’s biggest questions: Are we alone in the Universe or is there life elsewhere? How and when did our Solar System and planets form? Where did the water in the Earth and other planetary bodies in our Solar System come from? How did life originate on our planet?  |
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3 Sept |
AEA Astronomy Club Meeting |
TBD -- Great Courses video |
(Teams) |
Observing:
The
following data are from the 2020 Observer’s Handbook, and Sky & Telescope’s
2020 Skygazer’s Almanac & monthly Sky at a Glance.
Current
sun & moon rise/set/phase data for L.A.:
http://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/usa/los-angeles
Sun, Moon
& Planets for August:
Moon: Aug 3 Full, Aug 11 last
quarter, Aug 19 new, Aug 25 1st quarter
Planets:
Venus
is a brilliant morning star all month. Mars
rises in late evening. Jupiter visible
at dusk and sets around 3:30 a.m. local daylight-saving time, Saturn visible at dusk roughly 8
degrees east of Jupiter, Mercury
visible at dawn to the 8th.
Other
Events:
1 August Alpha
Capricornids Meteor Shower Peak Alpha Capricornids is a meteor shower that
takes place as early as 15 July and continues until around 10 August. The
meteor shower was discovered by Hungarian astronomer Miklos von Konkoly-Thege
in 1871. This shower has infrequent but relatively bright meteors, with some
fireballs. Parent body is comet 169P/NEAT. The bulk of the dust will not be in
Earth's path until the 24th century. The Alpha Capricornids are expected to
become a major annual storm in 2220–2420 A.D., one that will be "stronger
than any current annual shower." Mark your calendars now!
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Cancelled |
LAAS
The Garvey Ranch Observatory is open to the public every
Wednesday evening from 7:30 PM to 10 PM. Go into the dome to use the 8 Inch
Refractor or observe through one of our telescopes on the lawn. Visit our
workshop to learn how you can build your own telescope, grind your own
mirror, or sign up for our free seasonal astronomy classes. Time: 7:30
PM - 10:00 PM Location: Garvey
Ranch Obs. , 781 Orange Ave., Monterey Park, CA 91755 |
|
8 Aug? |
SBAS In-town
observing session – In Town Dark Sky Observing Session at
Ridgecrest Middle School– 28915 NortbBay Rd. RPV, Weather Permitting: Please
contact Ken Rossi or Ken Munson to confirm that the gate will be opened. http://www.sbastro.net/. Only if we get
permission to use the school grounds again and CDC guidelines are reduced |
9 Aug Mars 0.8 deg N
of Moon
12 August Perseid
Meteor Shower Peak Perhaps the most reliable of meteor showers, the
Perseids can be up to 60 meteors per hour during the peak.
13 Aug Venus greatest
elongation W (46 deg)
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15 Aug |
LAAS Private dark
sky Star Party |
|
15 Aug? |
SBAS
out-of-town Dark Sky observing – contact Greg Benecke to coordinate a
location. http://www.sbastro.net/. |
|
22 Aug |
LAAS Public
Star Party: Griffith Observatory Grounds 2-10pm See http://www.griffithobservatory.org/programs/publictelescopes.html#starparties for more information. |
29 Aug Jupiter 1.4 deg N of Moon, Saturn 2 deg N of moon
Internet
Links:
Telescope, Binocular & Accessory Buying
Guides
Sky & Telescope Magazine -- Choosing Your Equipment
Orion Telescopes & Binoculars -- Buying
Guides
Telescopes.com -- Telescopes 101
General
Getting Started in Astronomy & Observing
e! Science News Astronomy & Space
Astronomical Society of the Pacific (educational, amateur &
professional)
Amateur Online Tools, Journals, Vendors, Societies, Databases
The Astronomy White Pages (U.S. & International
Amateur Clubs & Societies)
American Astronomical Society
(professional)
Regional
(Southern California, Washington, D.C. & Colorado)
Southern California & Beyond
Amateur Astronomy Organizations, Observatories & Planetaria
Mt. Wilson Observatory description, history, visiting
Los Angeles Astronomical Society (LAAS)
South Bay Astronomical Society
(SBAS)
The Local Group Astronomy Club
(Santa Clarita)
Ventura County Astronomical
Society
The
Astronomical Society of Greenbelt
Northern
Virginia Astronomy Club
Colorado
Springs Astronomical Society
About the
Club
Club
Websites:
Internal (Aerospace): https://aeropedia.aero.org/aeropedia/index.php/Astronomy_Club It is updated to
reflect this newsletter, in addition to a listing of past club mtg.
presentations, astronomy news, photos
& events from prior newsletters, club equipment, membership & constitution.
We have linked some presentation materials from past mtgs. Our club newsletters are also being posted to
an external blog, “An Astronomical View” http://astronomicalview.blogspot.com/.
Membership. For information, current dues &
application, contact Alan Olson, or see the club website (or Aerolink folder)
where a form is also available (go to the membership link/folder & look at
the bottom). Benefits will include use of club telescope(s) &
library/software, membership in The Astronomical League, discounts on Sky &
Telescope magazine and Observer’s Handbook, field trips, great programs, having
a say in club activities, acquisitions & elections, etc.
Committee Suggestions & Volunteers. Feel free to
contact: Mark Clayson, President & Program Committee Chairman, Walt
Sturrock, VP, Kelly Gov club Secretary (& librarian), or Alan Olson,
Resource Committee Chairman (over equipment, and club Treasurer).
Mark Clayson,
AEA Astronomy Club President
